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These modern games often employ totally new concepts which makes it increasingly difficult to define them as mancala games, so the more general term "sowing games" is used here instead. There are games with [[reverse sowing]] ([[Bulgarian Solitaire]] and its variants), simultaneous sowing ([[55Stones]]), cards (Octagon, Druidenwalzer, [[Rondell]]), and stacking ([[Rondell]], [[Martian Mancala]], [[Pyramidis]]). Several games are using a two-dimensional board topology. And yet, many invented games are still defined along the characteristics of traditional ones (sowing, cycles, undifferentiated counters, one-dimensional board topology). Most often they are variants of [[Oware]] or [[Dakon]] as these traditional mancala games are best known in Europe and America. |
These modern games often employ totally new concepts which makes it increasingly difficult to define them as mancala games, so the more general term "sowing games" is used here instead. There are games with [[reverse sowing]] ([[Bulgarian Solitaire]] and its variants), simultaneous sowing ([[55Stones]]), cards (Octagon, Druidenwalzer, [[Rondell]]), and stacking ([[Rondell]], [[Martian Mancala]], [[Pyramidis]]). Several games are using a two-dimensional board topology. And yet, many invented games are still defined along the characteristics of traditional ones (sowing, cycles, undifferentiated counters, one-dimensional board topology). Most often they are variants of [[Oware]] or [[Dakon]] as these traditional mancala games are best known in Europe and America. |
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− | The tables below list |
+ | The tables below list 199 games. |
==One-dimensional Games== |
==One-dimensional Games== |
Revision as of 08:28, 27 October 2015
Modern sowing games are often modifications of traditional mancala games. In contrast to traditional games, their rules are handed down by written records rather than by talking and their inventor is still known.
Some invented games may, however, be turned into traditional games through a process called 'folklorization' in social sciences. Kalah is already firmly rooted in the popular culture of America and Germany.
The birth of modern sowing games is linked to the rise of capitalism and the game industry (see Mangola and Chuba). Several games were patented (e.g. Banking Ball Game, Robertson's Mancala Game, and Balduman's Mancala Game), although only a few of them were eventually marketed (Kalah). Many games were designed by mathematicians as research problems, but may not be very playable for humans (Ioiwari, Stones in Cups, Nano-Wari). The advent of the internet made it far more easier to communicate new rules and so fostered an unprecedented growth of new games.
These modern games often employ totally new concepts which makes it increasingly difficult to define them as mancala games, so the more general term "sowing games" is used here instead. There are games with reverse sowing (Bulgarian Solitaire and its variants), simultaneous sowing (55Stones), cards (Octagon, Druidenwalzer, Rondell), and stacking (Rondell, Martian Mancala, Pyramidis). Several games are using a two-dimensional board topology. And yet, many invented games are still defined along the characteristics of traditional ones (sowing, cycles, undifferentiated counters, one-dimensional board topology). Most often they are variants of Oware or Dakon as these traditional mancala games are best known in Europe and America.
The tables below list 199 games.
One-dimensional Games
Solitaires
Games, which can only be played by a single person.
Game | Year | Inventor | Country | Laps | Goal | Additional Information |
Montenegrinisches Mancala | 2010 | Rüdeger Baumann | Germany | single | repetition of position | variant of Stones in Cups; inspired by Mancala Solitaire (2) (another math-related mancala game by Roland Schröder) |
Solitaire Mancala | 2008 | Tom Bylander | USA | single | as few moves as possible | variant of Monokalah, but independently inspired by Kalah |
Mancala Solitaire (2) | 2005 | Roland Schröder | Germany | single | discovering mathematical laws | variant of Stones in Cups |
Sämann | 2005 | Michael Engel | Austria | single | capturing counters | --- |
Random Bulgarian Solitaire | 2003 | Serguei Popov | Brazil | single | repetition of position | reverse sowing |
Carolina Solitaire | 1997 | Andrej Andreev | Bulgaria | single | repetition of position | reverse sowing |
Yann's Mancala Problem | 1997 | David Yann | France | single | connecting positions | solved (yes) |
Circular Composition | 1995 | Rocco Servedio and Yeong-Nan Yeh | Taiwan | single | repetition of position | variant of Stones in Cups |
Stones in Cups | 1992 | Barry Cipra | USA | single | repetition of the initial position after all the counters wind up in the original pit | mathematical problem |
Montreal Solitaire | 1990 | Chris Cannings and John Haigh | UK | single | repetition of position | reverse sowing |
Austrian Solitaire | 1985 | Ethan Akin and Morton David Davis | USA | single | repetition of position | reverse sowing |
Deterministic Bulgarian Solitaire | 1980 | (?) | Russia | single | repetition of position | reverse sowing |
Mancala Solitaire (1) | 1979 | Evan Lewis | New Zealand | multi | empty pits | first published in Games & Puzzles |
Monokalah | 1977 | Véronique Gautheron | France | single | empty pits | a variant of Tchoukaillon |
Multitchouka | 1977 | Véronique Gautheron | France | multi | empty pits | a variant of Tchoukaillon |
Tchoukaillon | 1977 | Véronique Gautheron | France | single | empty pits | a variant of Tchuka Ruma |
Tchuka Ruma | pre-1892 | Édouard Lucas (?) | France | multiple | empty pits | a variant of Dakon |
Two-player Games
Games, which must be played by two persons.
Game | Year | Inventor | Country | Laps | Goal | Additional Information |
Duovallis | 2012 | Frederik Adams | Germany | multi | moving last | four-row game with unusual distribution path |
Chesscala | 2011 | Francois Tremblay & David Mustoe | USA | single | capturing counters | a hybrid of Chess and Mancala |
F.I.L.O | 2011 | Richard Hutnik | USA | single | last move (+ 2 special winning conditions) | one-row game with stacking; original game was flawed, but two rules changes are suggested by the author to fix the problem |
Arkaneum Merchant | 2010 | Emir Fithri Bin Samsuddin | Malaysia | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant for iPhone or iPod touch 2.2.1 or later |
Dogon | 2010 | Ralf Gering | Germany | single | capturing counters | Oware variant |
Dracala | 2010 | Ralf Gering | Germany | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Toguz Poddavki | 2010 | Ralf Gering | Germany | single | capturing counters | Toguz Kumalak variant |
10 Mighty Men | 2009 | Ken Maher | Canada | single | capturing counters | spiced-up game system based on Ayoayo |
Armada | 2009 | (?) | USA | single | capturing counters | Kalah spiced-up with random events |
Tuca Tuca | 2009 | Christoph Breitbach | Germany | multiple | capturing counters | first modern game, which employs "Indian-style" sowing |
BalaGwari | 2008 | Colin Leamon | UK | single | capturing counters | also named "QuatreCala" |
Biwele | 2008 | Luca Cerrato | Italy | multi | capturing counters | inspired by Bechi |
Trias | 2008 | Ralf Gering | Germany | multi | moving last | three rows; based on Judaeo-Christian numerology |
Afro-Celt Mancala System | 2007 | Richard Hutnik | USA | single | capturing counters | based on the Stonehenge game |
Manji | 2007 | Ralf Gering | Germany | multi | capturing counters | based on Buddhist philosophy |
Volcano Race | 2007 | Jonathan Hartshorn | USA | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant with Icehouse pieces (first called Martian Mancala) |
mikro tsoro | 2007 | Matthias Liszt | Austria | multi | capturing counters | - |
Zig Zag | 2007 | Amanda Joy Lemons and Clark Daniel Rodeffer | USA | multi | capturing counters | - |
Misère 55Stones | 2006 | Ralf Gering | Germany | multi | capturing counters | simultaneous moves; shared pits; no draws |
Awele Bohnanza | 2006 | Silvano Sorrentino | Italy | single | capturing counters | Oware variant |
Bao 6x2 | 2006 | Xevi Noè i Nogueiras | Spain | multiple | capturing counters | --- |
Cranium Grab & Go Mancala Mania - Purple Stone Variant | 2006 | (?) | USA | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Diffusion | 2006 | Mark Steere | USA | single | empty pits | Kalah variant; overlapping cycles; no draws |
Four-rank Diffusion | 2006 | Mark Steere | USA | single | empty pits | Kalah variant; overlapping cycles; no draws |
Kariba | 2006 | Frank Stark | Germany | single | capturing counters | Cups variant |
Kauri | 2006 | Ralf Gering | Germany | single | capturing counters | - |
long night game | 2006 | Matthias Liszt | Austria | multi | capturing counters | Vai Lung Thlan variant |
Da Vinci's Mancala | 2005 | Paul Micarelli and Vivienne Springer | USA | single | pattern-building; capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Kalawacki | 2005 | Sandra Aleksieva, Jenny Arrsjö, Daniel Björk, Markus Dahlström, Henrik Vrenning | Sweden | single | capturing counters | variant of Kalah; luck |
Mancala Spellorama | 2005 | Tracey Wood | Canada | multi | capturing counters and spelling words | spelling game; Sungka variant |
Michael's Parteiisches Rondell | 2005 | Michael Reitz | Germany | both | capturing counters | card game with perfect information; stacking game; no draws |
Michael's Rondell | 2005 | Michael Reitz | Germany | both | capturing counters | card game with perfect information; stacking game; shared pits; no draws |
Michael's Rondell mit Reservierung | 2005 | Michael Reitz | Germany | both | capturing counters | card game with perfect information; stacking game; shared pits; no draws |
Parteiisches Rondell | 2005 | Ralf Gering | Germany | both | capturing counters | card game with perfect information; stacking game; no draws |
Rondell | 2005 | Ralf Gering | Germany | both | capturing counters | card game with perfect information; stacking game; subvariant with shared pits; no draws |
Rondell mit Reservierung | 2005 | Ralf Gering | Germany | both | capturing counters | card game with perfect information; stacking game; shared pits; no draws |
Afrika | 2004 | Ralf Gering | Germany | single | capturing counters | - |
El Mirall | 2004 | (?) | Catalonia | single | repetition of the initial position | game of coordination; solitaire-like; no winners or losers |
Geisterfahrer | 2004 | Ralf Gering | Germany | both | no move | Kalah variant; no draws |
Pas de Deux | 2004 | Ralf Gering | Germany | single | capturing counters | Oware variant; double-moves |
Progressive Mancala | 2004 | Ralf Gering | Germany | multi | capturing counters | progressive moves; shared pits; no draws |
Superwari | 2004 | Bill Taylor | New Zealand | single | capturing counters | Oware variant |
Two-handed Bulgarian Solitaire | 2004 | Tim Bancroft | USA | single | repetition of position | reverse sowing |
55Stones | 2002 | Ralf Gering | Germany | multi | capturing counters | simultaneous moves; shared pits; no draws |
Canicas | 2002 | Walter Joris | Belgium | single | making territory | paper-and-pencil game |
Cross-Endodoi | 2002 | William Daniel Troyka | USA | multi | capturing counters | - |
Martian Mancala | 2002 | Dave Mattingly | USA | multi | capturing counters | Sungka variant with Icehouse pieces |
Tornado | 2002 | Walter Joris | Belgium | single | last move | paper-and-pencil game; Cirk variant |
Cross-Kalah | 2001 | William Daniel Troyka | USA | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Cross-Wari | 2001 | William Daniel Troyka | USA | single | capturing counters | Oware variant |
Hackaback | 2001 | Andrew B. Perkis | UK | single | last move | unequal forces |
Ioiwari | 2001 | Gyula Horvath | Hungary | single | capturing counters | solved (first-player win) |
MiniMancala | 2001 | Christian Freeling | Netherlands | single | last move | solved (draw) |
Numercy | 2000 | Sam Nooh K. Al-Jajjoka | UK | both | ending moves in certain holes | abacus-like game for learning addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers |
Druidenwalzer | 1999 | Michael Rieneck | Germany | single | capturing holes | card game imitating a mancala game (Druidenwalzer = Sowing) |
Eppstein's Mancala Game | 1999 | David Eppstein | USA | single | unable to move | reverse sowing; no draws |
étoile | 1999 | Michael Palm | Germany | single | pattern | cross-over between Four-in-a-Row and mancala games; stacking |
Slangenspel | 1999 | Fred Horn | Netherlands | single | capturing counters | intertwisted rows |
Banan-Cala | 1998 | Vince Kurr | USA | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Cirk | 1998 | Corné van Moorsel | Netherlands | single | last move | shared pits; no draws |
Kid-Cala (Beginner's Version) | 1998 | Vince Kurr | USA | single | empty pits | Kalah variant |
Atomic Wari | 1996 | Jeff Erickson | USA | single | last move | Oware variant; shared pits |
Nyakun | 1996 | Didier Guillion | France | single | capturing counters | Vai Lung Thlan variant |
Partisan Sowing | 1996 | Jeff Erickson | USA | single | last move | Sowing with partisan counters |
Reaping | 1996 | Jeff Erickson | USA | single | last move | reverse Sowing |
Widdershins | 1996 | David Parlett | UK | both | capturing counters | card game |
Amboseli Game | 1995 | Ringo Skibbe | Germany | multi | last move | name = exotism |
Sowing | 1994 | John Horton Conway | USA | single | last move | first one-rank mancala game; shared pits |
Awari | 1991 | L. Victor Allis, Maarten van der Meulen, and H. Jaap van den Herik | Netherlands, USA | single | capturing counters | Oware variant made by Computer scientists; solved game (perfect play is a draw) |
Catch 19 | 1981 | (?) | USA | single | capturing counters | stacking |
Glass Bead Game | 1979 | Christian Freeling | Netherlands | single | capturing counters | Oware variant |
Micro-Wari | 1977 | Assia Popova and André Deledicq | France | single | capturing counters | one of the smallest mancala games |
Nano-Wari | 1977 | Assia Popova and André Deledicq | France | single | repetition of board position | game of contemplation; smallest mancala game; no winners or losers; solved |
Sahara | 1976 | (?) | Germany | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Mankka | 1975 | Kent Barker | Canada | single | capturing counters | - |
Ägyptisches Muschelspiel | 1972 | (?) | Germany | single | last move | name = exoticism |
Coin Duel | late 1960s | Arthur and Wald Amberstone | USA | multi | capturing counters | Sungka variant |
Cups | 1965 | Arthur and Wald Amberstone | USA | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Fergen Goobalay | late 1950s | (?) | Somalia | multi | capturing counters | variant of Layli Goobalay; neutral holes |
Banking Ball Game | 1941 | Serge B. Escuadra | USA | single | capturing counters | similar to Kalah |
Kalah | 1940 | William Julius Champion Jr. | USA | single | capturing counters | the most popular modern mancala game; often just called "mancala"; Sungka variant |
Robertson's Mancala Game | 1936 | Frederick Henry Robertson | Jamaica | single | capturing counters | Oware variant |
Chuba | 1891 | Erwin H. Richards | USA | multi | last move | four-rank mancala game heavily based on Tchouba (Mozambique); no draws |
Group Games (>2 Players)
This includes two-player games and solitaires, which can be played by 3 and more people.
Game | Year | Inventor | Country | Players | Laps | Goal | Additional Information |
Rincala | 2014 | Dieter Stein | Germany | 2-3 | single | capturing | circular path; stacking |
Elementalist | 2013 | Robert Roskam | USA | 2-6 | single | capturing | "circular casting" resembles the sowing of mancala games |
Round Trip | 2013 | David Short | USA | 4 | single | completing goals | active cubes are placed in each space they wish to bypass, which resembles the sowing of mancala games; game of luck |
Bag of Bones | 2011 | Joshua Conroy | USA | 2-4 | single | conquering "graves" | first called "Bone Pile"; hidden information |
Wendy im Galopp | 2009 | Kirsten Hiese | Germany | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | beautiful theme |
Orancala | 2006 | Sjaak Griffioen | Netherlands | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Oware variant commercialized as "Florancala" in 2010 |
Spectral Reapers | 2006 | Clark Daniel Rodeffer | USA | 2-6 | single | capturing counters | experimental |
Tippy's Mancala Game | 2006 | Gary Tippy | USA | 2-4 | multiple | capturing counters | involving luck (moves are determined by a spinner) |
Trip-n-Trap | 2006 | Juan Rosado-Galarza | Puerto Rico | 2-6 | multi | capturing counters | --- |
Cow Poke | 2005 | Clark Daniel Rodeffer | USA | 2-6 | single | capturing counters | card game; luck |
Pipeline | 2005 | Jay Laird | USA | 2-5 | single | capturing counters | Oware variant; flawed |
4-Player Mancala | 2001 (?) | Gary MacLeod (?) | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Kalah variant |
Tea Party | 2001 | Clark Daniel Rodeffer | USA | 2 or 4 | none | capturing counters | most irregular game; no draws; experimental |
Nasty Crossroads | early 2000s | Sue and Joe Hanson | USA | 4 | single | capturing counters | cross-shaped board |
Basic Crossroads | early 2000s | Sue and Joe Hanson | USA | 4 | single | capturing counters | cross-shaped board |
Bao Arabica | 1998 | Matthias Kumpernaß | Germany | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | name = exoticism; Oware variant |
Calady | 1998 | Alexander H. Slocum | USA | 4 | single | capturing counters | cross-shaped board; Kalah variant (versions 1-2); Oware variant (version 3) |
HyperCalady | 1998 | Joe Foley | USA | 4 | single | capturing counters | cross-shaped board; Kalah variant |
Space Walk | 1997 | Rüdiger Dorn | Germany | 2-5 | single | retaining counters and chips | Kalah variant; double-moves |
Njaka's Mancala Game | 1991 | Dim Njaka | USA | 2-4 | multi | capturing counters | Ba-awa variant |
Pyramidis | 1988 | Roland Siegers | Belgium | 2 or 4 | single | removing five pyramids of your own color | cross-shaped, if played by 4 players; stacking |
Gulek | 1987 | Michael Winkelmann | Austria | 2-6 | single | capturing counters | circular track |
Quindo | 1984 | Hajo Bücken | Germany | 1-n | single | removing all the counters | co-operative game (either everybody wins or everybody loses) |
Balduman's Mancala Game | 1979 | Agapito B. Balduman | USA | 2-3 | multi | capturing counters | Sungka variant |
Pass It On | 1978 | (?) | USA | 2-4 | single | empty pits; penalty points | variant of Ruma and Kalah; no draws |
Octagon | 1975 | Matt Crispis | UK (?) | 2-5 | single | capturing counters | card game |
Swahili | 1968 | (?) | USA | 2-4 | both | capturing counters | name = exoticism; similar to Kalah and Sungka |
Grand Arabian Oh-Wah-Ree | 1962 | Alex Randolph | USA | 2-4 | multiple | capturing holes | ordinary pits can be turned into stores |
Grand Coastal Oh-Wah-Ree | 1962 | Alex Randolph | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing holes | Oware variant |
Grand Dog-Gone Oh-Wah-Ree | 1962 | Alex Randolph | USA | 2-4 | multiple | capturing holes | Ba-awa variant |
Grand Oh-Wah-Ree | 1962 | Alex Randolph | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing holes | Oware variant |
Oh-Wah-Ree | 1962 | Alex Randolph | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Oware variant |
Ruma | 1930s | Mr Punga | Belgium (as of place of first publication) | 2-4 | single | empty pits; penalty points | precursor of Pass It On and possibly Kalah; marketed in 1956 as "Dead Pan"; no draws |
Two-dimensional Games
Solitaires
Games, which can only be played by a single person.
Game | Year | Inventor | Country | Laps | Goal | Additional Information |
Vertigo | 2008 | Bernard Vander Beken | Belgium | single | pattern-building | Volcano variant; solitaire |
Solitaire Volcano | 2000 (?) | Kristin Looney (?) | USA | single | capturing counters | Solitaire variant of Volcano |
Two-player Games
Games, which must be played by two persons.
Game | Year | Inventor | Country | Laps | Goal | Additional Information |
Kala | 2013 | Daniel Krieg & Steffen Mühlhäuser | Germany | single | making the last move | part of the game system "COPA" |
Sow and Erode | 2013 | Richard Hutnik | USA | single | capturing counters | round board with four circles of 16 spaces each; stacking game with perfect information in which the board position "erodes" and leaves the players fewer and fewer options |
Caduceus | 2011 | Bill Taylor | New Zealand | single | last move | mancala-like "leave-a-trail" mechanic akin to sowing |
Dorn Bones | 2011 | Jon Ivar Toennesen | Norway | single | capturing | the attacked player leaves one disc on each space |
Graveyard Shift | 2011 | Isaiah Tanenbaum | USA | single | capturing ("collecting four body parts") | players try to create the Frankenstein monster |
Sow? | 2011 | Richard Hutnik | USA | single | bearing-off | played on half a checkerboard |
Amoeba | 2010 | Masahiro Nakajima | Japan | single | chess variant | stacking game |
Freedom | 2010 | Veljko Cirovic & Nebojsa Sankovic | Serbia | single | territory | leave-a-trail mechanism |
Mini Quincala Knocking | 2010 | Ulf Åberg | Sweden | multiple | capturing | stacking |
Murus Gallicus | 2009 | Phillip Leduc | USA | single | breakthrough | game with impenetrable walls reminiscent of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars |
Storm | 2009 | Martin Windischer | Austria | single | become immobilized | challenging game |
The Colony | 2008 | Jeph Stahl | Canada | multiple | capturing counters | beautiful theme |
Seo's Unknown Game | 2007 (?) | (?) | China (?) | single | last move | "leave-a-trail" mechanism akin to sowing |
Fishpond Mancala | 2007 | Donald Philip Green | USA | single | capturing counters; pattern-building | published variant of Stoplight Mancala |
Doncala | 2006 | Donald Green | USA | single | capturing counters; pattern-building | variant of Stoplight Mancala |
Stoplight Mancala | 2006 | Donald Green | USA | single | capturing counters; pattern-building | --- |
Hexano | 2005 | Jeremiah Wittevrongel | Canada | single | capturing counters | variant of Volcano |
Hexano-Duel | 2005 | Jeremiah Wittevrongel | Canada | single | capturing counters | variant of Volcano |
Two-dimensional Sowing | 1996 | Jeff Erickson | USA | single | last move | variant of Sowing |
Exxit | 2003 | Vincent Everaert | France | single | largest territory | sowing mechanism is called "dancing" |
Blue Nile | 2002 | William Daniel Troyka | USA | single | moving last | shared sowing |
BigBasin | 2001 | William I. Chang | USA | single | reach a position | experimental game; variant of Cascades; "leave-a-trail" mechanism akin to mancala-like sowing |
Buku | 2001 | Jorge Gomez Arrausi | Spain | single | capturing counters | played on a Chess board |
Cascades | 2001 | William I. Chang | USA | single | larger territory | "leave-a-trail" mechanism akin to mancala-like sowing; broken |
Snail Trail | 2001 | Don Philip Green | USA | single | larger territory | "leave-a-trail" mechanism akin to mancala-like sowing |
UnStack | 2001 | João Pedro Neto | Portugal | single | capturing counters | stacking |
Slime-Moku | early 2000s | Bill Taylor (?) | New Zealand (?) | single | pattern building | "shared" sowing |
Cash in Hand | 2000 | Cameron Bolitho Browne | Australia | single | capturing counters | two-dimensional; flawed game; move mechanism reminiscent of mancala |
Nanelé | 2000 | Xevi Noè i Nogueiras & his friend Guerre | Spain | multiple | capturing counters | --- |
Tumbling Down | 2000 | Michael Shuck | USA | single | capturing counters | stacking |
Inchworm | 2000 | Clark D. Rodeffer | USA | single | capturing counters | stacking; flawed |
Classic Quincala | 1997 | Ulf Åberg | Sweden | multiple | reach a position | stacking; based on an idea from 1977 |
Conga | 1995 | Martin Franke | Germany | single | pattern | cross-over between Four-in-a-Row and mancala games |
Slimetrail | 1992 | Bill Taylor | New Zealand | single | reach a position | first game with "shared" sowing that leaves a common track |
Tower of Power | 1976 | Michael Baldwin | UK | single | capturing counters | stacking |
Intermedium | 1976 | Matt Crispis | UK | single | capturing a given hole | Chess-like |
Group Games (>2 Players)
This includes two-player games and solitaires, which can be played by 3 and more people.
Game | Year | Inventor | Country | Players | Laps | Goal | Additional Information |
4ty4 | 2014 | Martin Schlegel | Germany | 2-3 | single | forming a row of 3 pieces, each one with a different color | stacking |
Five Tribes | 2014 | Bruno Cathala | France | 2-4 | single | to control the legendary Sultanate of Naqala | All meeples are removed from a tile and after that distributed one at a time orthogonally, which is similar to the sowing in mancala games |
Attack of the Mutant Moss from Outer Space! | 2011 | Ian Hedberg | (?) | 4 | single | reaching a space adjacent to a hole in the fence (moss & zombie team) | the moss is grown similar to the sowing in mancala games; two teams (one of them controlling the moss and the zombies, the other one the grave robbers); game of luck using dice |
Lurch | 2011 | Dan Lepage | (?) | 2-6 | single | capturing "zombies" | A stack of zombies is moved any number of spaces in any direction, leaving one zombie behind on each hex you pass through. |
Rum Run | 2011 | Alex Coulombe | USA | 2-4 | single | claiming barrels | Mancala-like sowing of rum "barrels" (video) |
The Walking Dead | 2011 | Keith Tralins and Brian David-Marshall | 2011 | 1-6 | single | reaching some locations | A trail of zombies is left behind. |
Trajan | 2011 | Stefan Feld | Germany | 2-4 | single | acquire "victory points" | Euro-style game with mancala-like sowing (video) |
Tricala | 2011 | Myles Wallace | USA | 2-3 | multiple | capturing counters & pattern-building | played on an equilateral triangular board (instructional video) |
Zombie Shuffle | 2011 | David Spieth | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing counters to complete a "zombie" | game of incomplete information |
Caldera | 2010 | Kristin Looney | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Volcano variant |
Iceland Volcano | 2010 | Jan Divecky | Czech Republic | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Volcano variant |
The Doldrums | 2010 | Zac Dettwyler | USA | 3+ | single | "ending the story" | a role-playing game of "caste warfare, alliances, and lonely heroes" |
KASKA | 2008 | Andreas E. Verweyen | Germany | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | one of the smallest boards; flawed |
Scrambled Volcano | 2008 | Jim Dunaway | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Volcano variant |
Coastercano | 2007 | James M Hazelton III | (?) | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Mega Volcano variant with treehouse dies |
Plain Earth Volcano | 2007 | (?) | (?) | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | Volcano variant |
THI` | 2007 | Andreas E. Verweyen | Germany | 2, 4 | single | bearing off | stacking game; first called "Transporter" |
Calcala | 2006 | Lloyd Krassner | USA | 2-4 | multiple | capturing counters | interesting rules |
Melting Volcano | 2006 | Roy Levien | USA | 1-6 | single | capturing counters | Volcano variant |
Ubervolcano | 2006 | Adam Kopczenski | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | variant of Volcano |
Volcano Island | 2006 | Simon Graham | UK | 3-4 | single | largest territory (expressed by "settlements", "villages", "towns" and "cities") | two lava flows ("leave a trail" mechanism akin to mancala) |
Wayfinder | 2006 | Benjamin Corliss | USA | 1-4 | single | capturing counters | real time element |
Compass Volcano | 2005 | Nate Straight | USA | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | variant of Volcano |
Louis XIV | 2005 | Rüdiger Dorn | Germany | 2-4 | single | largest territory | some squares can only be reached if stones are left on their way behind ("leave a trail" mechanic) |
Mega Hexano | 2005 | Jeremiah Wittevrongel | Canada | 2-4 | single | capturing counters | variant of Volcano |
Raubritter | 2005 | Rüdiger Dorn | Germany | 2-4 | single | largest territory | also called "Robber Knights" |
Goa | 2004 | Rüdiger Dorn | Germany | 2-4 | single | better resource management | auction game; "leave a trail" mechanic (Auction marks are communally placed leaving a trail behind.) |
Mini Volcano | 2003 | Ryan McGuire | USA | 1-4 | single | capturing counters | variant of Volcano |
Mega Volcano | 2002 (?) | Andrew L. Looney (?) | USA | 1-6 | single | capturing counters | variant of Volcano |
Devil Bunny Hates The Earth | 2001 | James Ernest | USA | 2-5 | single | capturing; moving "Devil Bunny" to your machine | dice game; luck; shared pits, pentagonal board |
Die Händler von Genua | 2001 | Rüdiger Dorn | Germany | 2-5 | single | most precious territory ("buildings") | negotion game; "leave a trail" mechanic (The merchant must leave a disc behind on each space that the tower visits, which can move up to four spaces each turn.) |
Snake Pit | early 2000s | Bill Taylor (?) | New Zealand (?) | 3 | single | moving last | "shared" sowing |
Volcano | 2000 | Kristin Looney | USA | 1-6 | single | capturing counters | abstract Icehouse game |
Esiema | 1989 | Michael Winkelmann | Austria | 2-9 | single | capturing counters | --- |
Contigo | 1974 | Frank Thibault | USA | 4 | single | capturing the opponents' "key pawns" | cross between mancala and n-in-a-row games |
Myra | 1955 | Michael Winkelmann | Austria | 2-3 | single | capturing the enemy king | Chess variant; different ways of moving including sowing and reverse sowing |
Important Notes
- An Oware variant is any single-lap game in which two or three stones are captured (this is a rather inclusive definition).
- A Ba-awa variant is any multi-lap games in which groups of four are captured, even during moving.
- A Vai Lung Thlan variant is any single-lap game in which singletons are captured.
- A Kalah variant is any single-lap, multi-player game with functional endholes or stores.
- A Sungka variant is any multi-lap, multi-player game with functional endholes.
- A Tchuka Ruma variant is any solitaire game with functional endholes.
See also
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© Wikimanqala.
By: Ralf Gering
Under the CC by-sa 2.5 license.